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-es

Portuguese, suffix

-es is spelled E-S (2 letters) and appears 46 times per million words in written Portuguese, the 2,045th most frequent Portuguese word form (wordfreq, 2021 data). -es is a Portuguese feminine suffix meaning “forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs” (English Wiktionary, September 2026). On this page, és is a different word: “plural of é”. On this page, ês is a different word: “plural of ê”. The Portuguese Wiktionary (Wikcionário) defines it as “marca o plural de certos substantivos, notadamente aqueles terminados por consoantes”.

What does -es mean in English?

suffix

  1. 1

    forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs

  2. 2

    forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs

  3. 3

    forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs

suffix

  1. 1

    femininemasculineforms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n

suffix

  1. 1

    femininemasculine-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)

    Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)

prefix

as es-
  1. 1

    indicates separation

  2. 2

    indicates intensification

suffix

as -ês
  1. 1

    masculine-ese (forms nouns indicating a native of the place)

  2. 2

    masculine-ese (forms the names of languages spoken in a given place or by a given people)

suffix

as -ês
  1. 1

    -ese (forms adjectives describing a particular place)

verb

as és
  1. 1

    second-person singular present indicative of ser

noun

as és
  1. 1

    masculineplural of é

noun

as ês
  1. 1

    plural of ê

Source: English Wiktionary, Portuguese section, dump of September 2, 2026 (CC BY-SA 4.0).

How Portuguese dictionaries define it

abbreviation: 1. sigla do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil 2. sigla de esclerose sistémica

suffix: 1. forma adjetivos sobre um lugar em particular e substantivos indicando um nativo do lugar 2. forma os nomes de idiomas ditos em um certo lugar ou por um certo grupo de pessoas

prefix: 1. indica diversas ideias: para fora, separação, afastar, etc

suffix: 1. marca o plural de certos substantivos, notadamente aqueles terminados por consoantes 2. marca a segunda pessoa singular de certos tempos verbais 3. formador de alguns sobrenomes em que o radical é o nome do pai

The definition in the Portuguese Wiktionary (Wikcionário), in Portuguese.

Source: Portuguese Wiktionary (Wikcionário), dump of September 1, 2026 (CC BY-SA 4.0), through kaikki.org.

English words that translate to -es

Source: the translation tables of the English Wiktionary, dump of September 2, 2026.

How common is -es in Portuguese?

-es appears 46 times per million words in written Portuguese.

Source: written frequency: wordfreq 3.1 (a 2021 snapshot of Wikipedia, subtitles, news, books, web text and social media).

What to look up after -es