sigma

/ˈsɪɡmə/

//ˈsɪɡmə// noun

"sigma" is a 5-letter English headword indexed on PlainSpell.

The verdict

“sigma” has 7 generated spelling variants in the English index at frequency #14,835. The variants make it a useful spelling check.

#14,835
frequency rank, English
6,566
“S” headwords
7
tracked misspellings
20
confusable pairs

According to Wiktionary data (CC BY-SA, analyzed September 3, 2026) - The eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets (Σ, σ), the twentieth letter of Old and Ancient.

Corpus desk

Index EN-sigma · sigma · English

sigma · rank #14,835 · 7 variants · 20 confusables

  • FREQ-MID #14,835
  • LEN-MID 5 letters
  • VOW-2 2 vowels
  • CONFUS-HIGH 20 pairs
  • VAR-MID 7 variants
  • BOOK-DENSE 6,566
  • PHOTO-FINISH shootout

Nearest frequency peer: shootout (-1 rank slots)

Read with this headword: Spelling guide for this pattern

Desk codes from Wiktionary headword shape, FrequencyWords rank tier, confusable-pair count, generated misspelling depth, letter-cohort book size, and photo-finish peer. Not a difficulty grade.

Rank peers near misspelling magnet “sigma”

Same rarity band: useful when a typo lands on a peer headword

corpus weight

What this shows “sigma” sits among these FrequencyWords peers; misspelling depth is tracked separately in the edit-distance chart.

Source FrequencyWords open word-frequency list As of September 3, 2026

Visual similarity to commonly confused words

How many letter changes separate each confused pair (Levenshtein distance, normalized).

sigma vs SIM
0% similar
sigma vs SMA
0% similar
sigma vs sign
60% similar

Source: PlainSpell confusable corpus (Wiktionary, CC BY-SA).

Key facts for sigma
PropertyValue
Headwordsigma
LanguageEnglish
Part of speechNoun
IPA/ˈsɪɡmə/
Letters5
Frequency rank#14,835
Misspellings tracked7
Confusable pairs20
SourceWiktionary (kaikki.org)

Frequency seat of misspelling magnet “sigma”

Word frequency stretches from the small set of words we reach for constantly (left) out to the long tail barely used once in a while (right).sigmalands here:

#1#100#1K#10K#100K
← used constantlyrarely used →

The axis is logarithmic, with each marked tick roughly ten times rarer than the last. Same rarity band neighbours include “shootout” (#14,834), “seasoned” (#14,833), “SK” (#14,837). Among 6,566 “S” headwords, “sigma” is #14,835. Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list.

A misspelling magnet

The generator records 7 spelling variants around sigma (IPA /ˈsɪɡmə/), anoun. Corpus frequency is #14,835 among 6,566 “S” headwords. Wiktionary lists 4 senses, so context still picks the gloss.

Our generated misspelling index lists 7 likely wrong-spelling variants for sigma, with forms such as "isgma", "sgima", and "sigam". Each of these forms differs from the correct spelling by one small edit: a doubled letter, a dropped silent letter, or a substituted vowel. It also participates in 20 confusable-pair relationships, "SIM", "SMA", "sign", and more, since the words sound or look close enough that writers reach for the wrong one mid-sentence.

Etymologically, the entry records: From Ancient Greek σῖγμα (sîgma), probably from the root σῑγ- (sīg-) as seen in σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”) + -μα (-ma, nominal suffix). The correct English form is sigma, spelled S-I-G-M-A.

Definition

  1. 1
    The eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets (Σ, σ), the twentieth letter of Old and Ancient.
  2. 2
    The symbol Σ, used to indicate summation of a set or series.
  3. 3
    The symbol σ, used to indicate one standard deviation from the mean, particularly in a normal distribution.
  4. 4
    A sigma male (a self-reliant and assertive male).

Recorded use

Wiktionary examples

These source excerpts show how sigma appears in context. They illustrate usage; the definition above remains the entry’s reference meaning.

  1. Their names, which are expressive of some bodily or mental excellence, all end with the same letter---the letter which is called San by the Dorians, and Sigma by the Ionians.
  2. 2011, Paul Rincon, (bbc.co.uk) LHC: Higgs boson 'may have been glimpsed' None of the spikes seen by the experiments is at much more than the "two sigma" level of certainty. A level of "five sigma" is required to claim a discovery, meaning there is less than a one in a million chance the data spike is down to a statistical fluke.

Etymology

From Ancient Greek σῖγμα (sîgma), probably from the root σῑγ- (sīg-) as seen in σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”) + -μα (-ma, nominal suffix).

This word in other languages

Common misspellings

Also misspelled as:

  • isgma
  • sgima
  • sigam
  • siggma
  • sigmma
  • simga
  • ssigma

Misspelling Pattern Breakdown

How far each generated variant is from the correct spelling of sigma - counted as single-character edits (an insertion, a deletion, or a substituted letter). The larger the bar, the easier the typo is to spot; one-edit slips are the ones that sneak past readers.

isgma2sgima2sigam2siggma1sigmma1simga2ssigma1
Edit distance from "sigma"

Definitions, pronunciation, and etymology for this entry are drawn from Wiktionary via the kaikki.org structured extract (CC BY-SA); frequency ordering uses the FrequencyWords open word-frequency list (2018 English corpus, MIT). See the methodology for how each field is sourced and updated.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you spell "sigma"?
"sigma" is spelled S-I-G-M-A. The IPA pronunciation is /ˈsɪɡmə/.
What does "sigma" mean?
As a noun, "sigma" means: The eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets (Σ, σ), the twentieth letter of Old and Ancient.
What words are commonly confused with "sigma"?
"sigma" is commonly confused with "SIM", "SMA", "sign". These words look or sound similar but have different meanings. PlainSpell provides detailed comparisons for each pair.
How do you pronounce "sigma"?
The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription for "sigma" is /ˈsɪɡmə/. Click the speaker icon on the pronunciation badge above to hear it spoken aloud where audio is available.
What is the origin of the word "sigma"?
From Ancient Greek σῖγμα (sîgma), probably from the root σῑγ- (sīg-) as seen in σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”) + -μα (-ma, nominal suffix). See the full etymology section above for more details.
Is PlainSpell free to use?
Yes, PlainSpell is a completely free word reference. You can look up definitions, pronunciations, confusable pairs, homophones, and spelling corrections across 5 languages without any sign-up or subscription.

Similar English words by spelling shape

Same letter count and similar misspelling depth for "sigma", not the corpus desk frequency band.

Same letter count

Frequency-ranked English headwords with 5 letters (nearest by frequency rank).

Similar misspelling depth

Headwords with a similar count of attested misspellings (7 here; floor ≥5).

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list