per se

/pəˈseɪ/

//pəˈseɪ// adv

"per-se" is a 5-letter English headword indexed on PlainSpell.

The verdict

“per se” is uncommon English (outside the top frequency list), classed as an adverb. The kind of spelling people second-guess.

Unranked
below top-frequency English
6
letters

According to Wiktionary data (CC BY-SA, analyzed September 3, 2026) - Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.

Corpus desk

Index EN-per-se · per se · English

per se · unranked · 0 variants · 0 confusables

  • FREQ-UNRANKED Unranked
  • LEN-LONG 6 letters
  • VOW-2 2 vowels
  • CONFUS-0 No pairs
  • VAR-0 0 variants
  • BOOK-THIN "P" thin
  • PHOTO-UNK Peer pending

Read with this headword: Spelling guide for this pattern

Desk codes from Wiktionary headword shape, FrequencyWords rank tier, confusable-pair count, generated misspelling depth, letter-cohort book size, and photo-finish peer. Not a difficulty grade.

Key facts for per se
PropertyValue
Headwordper se
LanguageEnglish
Part of speechAdverb
IPA/pəˈseɪ/
Letters6
Misspellings tracked0
Confusable pairs0
SourceWiktionary (kaikki.org)

Long-tail rank of “per se” in English

per sesits beyond the 100,000 most-frequent English words, in the long tail of technical, archaic, or otherwise rare vocabulary where spelling doubt tends to strike hardest.

Beyond rank #100,000. Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list.

Rare enough to double-check

per se is uncommon English outside the top frequency list, classed as anadverb, transcribed /pəˈseɪ/. Rarity is why readers land here mid-draft. 4 senses are on record.

We couldn't generate a plausible misspelling set for per se, typically a sign the spelling maps closely to how the word sounds. It is not paired with a close-neighbour confusable in our dataset, which usually means its spelling is distinct enough that readers don't reach for a similar-looking word instead.

Etymologically, the entry records: Borrowed from Latin per sē (“by itself”), from per (“by, through”) and sē (“itself, himself, herself, themselves”). The correct English form is per se, spelled P-E-R- -S-E.

Definition

  1. 1
    Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.
  2. 2
    In a true or literal sense; as one would expect from the name or description.
  3. 3
    As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
  4. 4
    Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.

Recorded use

Wiktionary examples

These source excerpts show how per se appears in context. They illustrate usage; the definition above remains the entry’s reference meaning.

  1. Near-synonyms: by definition, by nature, essentially, in essence, ipso facto, intrinsically; see also Thesaurus:intrinsically
  2. Some people say that a hangover is caused by impurities in the drink, not by the alcohol per se.

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per sē (“by itself”), from per (“by, through”) and sē (“itself, himself, herself, themselves”).

This word in other languages

Definitions, pronunciation, and etymology for this entry are drawn from Wiktionary via the kaikki.org structured extract (CC BY-SA). See the methodology for how each field is sourced and updated.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you spell "per se"?
"per se" is spelled P-E-R- -S-E. The IPA pronunciation is /pəˈseɪ/.
What does "per se" mean?
As an adverb, "per se" means: Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.
How do you pronounce "per se"?
The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription for "per se" is /pəˈseɪ/. Click the speaker icon on the pronunciation badge above to hear it spoken aloud where audio is available.
What is the origin of the word "per se"?
Borrowed from Latin per sē (“by itself”), from per (“by, through”) and sē (“itself, himself, herself, themselves”). See the full etymology section above for more details.
Is PlainSpell free to use?
Yes, PlainSpell is a completely free word reference. You can look up definitions, pronunciations, confusable pairs, homophones, and spelling corrections across 5 languages without any sign-up or subscription.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list