son

/sʌn/

//sʌn// noun

By · According to Wiktionary data (CC BY-SA) ·

"son" is a 3-letter English headword indexed on PlainSpell.

The verdict

“son” sits in 20 confusable pairs (corpus #534) as a noun. The look-alike neighbours are the real trap.

#534
frequency rank, English
6,566
“S” headwords
20
confusable pairs

According to Wiktionary data (CC BY-SA, analyzed September 3, 2026) - One's male offspring.

Corpus desk

Index EN-son · son · English

son · rank #534 · 0 variants · 20 confusables

  • FREQ-CORE #534
  • LEN-MID 3 letters
  • VOW-1 1 vowel
  • CONFUS-HIGH 20 pairs
  • VAR-0 0 variants
  • BOOK-DENSE 6,566
  • PHOTO-FINISH sometimes

Nearest frequency peer: sometimes (-1 rank slots)

Read with this headword: Spelling guide for this pattern

Desk codes from Wiktionary headword shape, FrequencyWords rank tier, confusable-pair count, generated misspelling depth, letter-cohort book size, and photo-finish peer. Not a difficulty grade.

Frequency neighbourhood for “son”

Lower corpus rank = more everyday usage (inverted bar length for readability)

corpus weight

What this shows Bars show where “son” sits against the nearest ranked English headwords in the FrequencyWords band, not a reprint of letter-browse containment.

Source FrequencyWords open word-frequency list As of September 3, 2026

Visual similarity to commonly confused words

How many letter changes separate each confused pair (Levenshtein distance, normalized).

son vs SS
0% similar
son vs SP
0% similar
son vs su
33% similar

Source: PlainSpell confusable corpus (Wiktionary, CC BY-SA).

Key facts for son
PropertyValue
Headwordson
LanguageEnglish
Part of speechNoun
IPA/sʌn/
Letters3
Frequency rank#534
Misspellings tracked0
Confusable pairs20
SourceWiktionary (kaikki.org)

Where “son” sits in English frequency

Every-word frequency runs from the handful of words we use constantly (left) to the long tail used once in a blue moon (right). son lands here:

#1#100#1K#10K#100K
← used constantlyrarely used →

Scale is logarithmic (each tick is 10× rarer). Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list.

Easy to mix with look-alikes

The spelling risk for son is neighbouring look-alikes ("SS", "SP", …), not just typos; it is anoun pronounced /sʌn/. Frequency #534 among 6,566 “S” headwords. 8 recorded senses keep meaning in play.

We couldn't generate a plausible misspelling set for son, which points to an orthography that plays by predictable English rules. It also participates in 20 confusable-pair relationships, "SS", "SP", "su", and more, where similar look or sound leads writers to substitute one word for another in context.

Etymologically, the entry records: From Middle English sonn, sone, sun, sune, from Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”). The correct English form is son, spelled S-O-N.

Definition

  1. 1
    One's male offspring.
  2. 2
    A male adopted person in relation to his adoptive parents.
  3. 3
    A male person who has such a close relationship with an older or otherwise more authoritative person that he can be regarded as a son of the other person.
  4. 4
    A male person considered to have been significantly shaped by social conflict.
  5. 5
    A person regarded as the product of some place.
  6. 6
    A familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person.
  7. 7
    An informal address to a friend or person of equal authority.
  8. 8
    The current version of a file, derived from the preceding father file.

Recorded use

Wiktionary examples

These source excerpts show how son appears in context. They illustrate usage; the definition above remains the entry’s reference meaning.

  1. Before the birth of the man's child, he said: "I want a son, not a daughter."
  2. From what conſummate vertue I have choſe / This perfect Man, by merit call'd my Son,

Etymology

From Middle English sonn, sone, sun, sune, from Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”).

Synonyms

boylad

Antonyms

daughterfathermotherparent

This word in other languages

hijo(Español)fils(Français)Sohn(Deutsch)filho(Português)

Definitions, pronunciation, and etymology for this entry are drawn from Wiktionary via the kaikki.org structured extract (CC BY-SA); frequency ordering uses the FrequencyWords open word-frequency list (2018 English corpus, MIT). See the methodology for how each field is sourced and updated.

PlainSpell is rendered directly from structured Wiktionary extracts and open word-frequency lists, no number is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error. Data current as of September 3, 2026. Primary sources: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) and FrequencyWords.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you spell "son"?
"son" is spelled S-O-N. The IPA pronunciation is /sʌn/.
What does "son" mean?
As a noun, "son" means: One's male offspring.
What words are commonly confused with "son"?
"son" is commonly confused with "SS", "SP", "su". These words look or sound similar but have different meanings. PlainSpell provides detailed comparisons for each pair.
How do you pronounce "son"?
The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription for "son" is /sʌn/. Click the speaker icon on the pronunciation badge above to hear it spoken aloud where audio is available.
What is the origin of the word "son"?
From Middle English sonn, sone, sun, sune, from Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”). See the full etymology section above for more details.
Is PlainSpell free to use?
Yes, PlainSpell is a completely free word reference. You can look up definitions, pronunciations, confusable pairs, homophones, and spelling corrections across 5 languages without any sign-up or subscription.

Similar English words by spelling shape

Same letter count and similar misspelling depth for "son", not the corpus desk frequency band.

Same letter count

Frequency-ranked English headwords with 3 letters (nearest by frequency rank).

six#519non#515art#508fun#502

What to do next

You've looked up "son". Here's where to go from here.

  • "son" maps to 20 confusable pairs in this vintage; the highest-scored is "SS". View pair
  • Usage frequency rank #534 among English headwords in this corpus. Corpus statistics
  • Browse more English words in the "S" letter cohort. S–Z browse
  • PlainSpell rotates a curated Word of the Day from the English corpus, a passive way to discover vocabulary. Word of the Day

PlainSpell is a reference corpus, not spelling advice. Verify unusual forms in context.

Data Source

Wiktionary (via kaikki.org), licensed under CC BY-SA & GFDL. Word ordering uses an open word-frequency list; misspelling variants are generated by edit-distance from the correct headword.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list