run

/ɹʌn/

//ɹʌn// verb

"run" is a 3-letter English headword indexed on PlainSpell.

The verdict

“run” is in the everyday core of English, ranked #309 in English word frequency and used as a verb.

#309
frequency rank, English
3
letters
20
confusable pairs

According to Wiktionary data (CC BY-SA, analyzed May 6, 2026) - To move swiftly.

Visual similarity to commonly confused words

How many letter changes separate each confused pair (Levenshtein distance, normalized).

run vs RV
0% similar
run vs RW
0% similar
run vs rye
33% similar

Source: PlainSpell confusable corpus (Wiktionary, CC BY-SA).

Key facts for run
PropertyValue
Headwordrun
LanguageEnglish
Part of speechVerb
IPA/ɹʌn/
Letters3
Frequency rank#309
Misspellings tracked0
Confusable pairs20
SourceWiktionary (kaikki.org)

Where “run” sits in English frequency

Every-word frequency runs from the handful of words we use constantly (left) to the long tail used once in a blue moon (right). run lands here:

#1#100#1K#10K#100K
← used constantlyrarely used →

Scale is logarithmic (each tick is 10× rarer). Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list.

Spelling & Dictionary Insight

The English entry for run is 3 letters long, classified as a verb, and transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet as /ɹʌn/. Corpus data places it at rank #309 in overall English word frequency, putting it firmly in the everyday core of the language. Wiktionary records 63 distinct senses for this headword, so context determines which meaning a reader should apply.

Our edit-distance generator produced no likely misspellings for run, suggesting the orthography follows predictable English patterns. It also participates in 20 confusable-pair relationships, "RV", "RW", "rye", and more, since the words sound or look close enough that writers reach for the wrong one mid-sentence.

Etymologically, the entry records: From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“… The correct English form is run, spelled R-U-N.

Definition

  1. 1
    To move swiftly.
  2. 2
    To move swiftly.
  3. 3
    To move swiftly.
  4. 4
    To move swiftly.
  5. 5
    To move swiftly.
  6. 6
    To move swiftly.
  7. 7
    To move swiftly.
  8. 8
    To move swiftly.
  9. 9
    To move swiftly.
  10. 10
    To move swiftly.
  11. 11
    To move swiftly.
  12. 12
    To move swiftly.
  13. 13
    To move swiftly.
  14. 14
    To move swiftly.
  15. 15
    To move swiftly.
  16. 16
    To move swiftly.
  17. 17
    To flow.
  18. 18
    To flow.
  19. 19
    To flow.
  20. 20
    To flow.
  21. 21
    To flow.
  22. 22
    To flow.
  23. 23
    To flow.
  24. 24
    To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled.
  25. 25
    To control or manage; to be in charge of.
  26. 26
    To be a candidate in an election.
  27. 27
    To make participate in certain kinds of competitions.
  28. 28
    To make participate in certain kinds of competitions.
  29. 29
    To exert continuous activity; to proceed.
  30. 30
    To be presented in the media.
  31. 31
    To print or broadcast in the media.
  32. 32
    To smuggle (illegal goods).
  33. 33
    To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control.
  34. 34
    To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
  35. 35
    To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
  36. 36
    To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
  37. 37
    To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
  38. 38
    To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
  39. 39
    To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program.
  40. 40
    To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation.
  41. 41
    To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse).
  42. 42
    To cost an amount of money.
  43. 43
    Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel.
  44. 44
    To cause stitched clothing to unravel.
  45. 45
    To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
  46. 46
    To cause to enter; to thrust.
  47. 47
    To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
  48. 48
    To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.
  49. 49
    To encounter or incur (a danger or risk).
  50. 50
    To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
  51. 51
    To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
  52. 52
    To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
  53. 53
    To control or have precedence in a card game.
  54. 54
    To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
  55. 55
    To be popularly known; to be generally received.
  56. 56
    To have growth or development.
  57. 57
    To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
  58. 58
    To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.
  59. 59
    To encounter or suffer (a particular, usually bad, fate or misfortune).
  60. 60
    To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.
  61. 61
    To speedrun.
  62. 62
    To eject from a game or match.
  63. 63
    To press (a bank, etc.) with immediate demands for payment.

Etymology

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”). Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), archaic Dutch rinnen (“to flow”, still in geronnen), German rinnen (“to flow”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), and Icelandic renna (“to flow”). From the causative Proto-Germanic *rannijaną (“to make run”) are Dutch rennen, German rennen, Danish rende, Swedish ränna (all “to run”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See also random.

Synonyms

This word in other languages

Definitions, pronunciation, and etymology for this entry are drawn from Wiktionary via the kaikki.org structured extract (CC BY-SA); frequency ordering uses the FrequencyWords open word-frequency list (2018 English corpus, MIT). See the methodology for how each field is sourced and updated.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you spell "run"?
"run" is spelled R-U-N. The IPA pronunciation is /ɹʌn/.
What does "run" mean?
As a verb, "run" means: To move swiftly.
What words are commonly confused with "run"?
"run" is commonly confused with "RV", "RW", "rye". These words look or sound similar but have different meanings. PlainSpell provides detailed comparisons for each pair.
How do you pronounce "run"?
The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription for "run" is /ɹʌn/. Click the speaker icon on the pronunciation badge above to hear it spoken aloud where audio is available.
What is the origin of the word "run"?
From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *... See the full etymology section above for more details.
Is PlainSpell free to use?
Yes, PlainSpell is a completely free word reference. You can look up definitions, pronunciations, confusable pairs, homophones, and spelling corrections across 5 languages without any sign-up or subscription.

Using “run”

The practical upshot for anyone who landed here from a spell-check.

  • The one correct English spelling is R-U-N - every other letter order is a misspelling in standard orthography.
  • Say it as /ɹʌn/ (IPA); tap the speaker on the pronunciation badge to hear it where audio exists.
  • Don't mix it up with “RV” - see the side-by-side comparison. run vs RV
  • Browse more English words and confusable pairs in the same reference. English words
Data Source

Wiktionary (via kaikki.org), licensed under CC BY-SA & GFDL. Word ordering uses an open word-frequency list; misspelling variants are generated by edit-distance from the correct headword.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list FrequencyWords open word-frequency list