sãovssobTell them apart

Quick tell: são is a adjective, sob is a preposition, so they fill different roles in a sentence.

Which to use

“são” is an adjective and “sob” is a preposition - they look or sound alike but fill different roles in a sentence.

#34
“são” frequency rank
#320
“sob” frequency rank
354
confusion score

Side-by-Side Comparison

Feature são sob
Definition saudável abaixo, em baixo

Where the eye mixes são and sob

Muted = shared; highlighted = the visual trap. They share 2 letters in sequence.

3 ch
são
3 ch
sob

Why the eye confuses são with sob

These two trip readers on the page rather than in the ear: são is /ˈsɐ̃w̃/ while sob is /ˈsob/. Spoken aloud the problem disappears. In writing it persists, because they share most of their letters but differ in 2 positions, and the parts of speech differ too (adjective vs preposition), which is usually the fastest check. Our composite confusion score for this pair is 354, derived from the frequency rank of both members and their visual similarity.

são is recorded at frequency rank #34, classified as anadj, pronounced /ˈsɐ̃w̃/. sob is at rank #320, tagged as aprep, pronounced /ˈsob/.

Glosses for this pair are partially populated in our dataset, but the full side-by-side definitions above should still guide you to the right choice.

With a confusion score of 354, this pair ranks #75,280 of 75,631 scored Portuguese confusable pairs - a relatively easy-to-tell-apart pair.

Orthographic DNA of são vs sob

Shared letters: os. Private to "são": ã. Private to "sob": b.

"são" · 3 letters · shape CVV  ·  "sob" · 3 letters · shape CVC

Frequently Asked Questions

Do "são" and "sob" mean the same thing in a sentence?
No - they are not even the same part of speech. "são" is an adjective and "sob" a preposition, so a sentence built for one is usually ungrammatical with the other.
Which is more common, "são" or "sob"?
"são" is the more common of the two: it sits at frequency rank #34 in our Portuguese list, against #320 for "sob". The two are close in frequency, so neither is a safe default; check the meaning rather than guessing.

After this comparison

Pronunciation already separates them, if the page still looks alike, the dictionary links below settle it.

  • Full dictionary entry for "são" with definition, IPA, and generated misspellings. Word entry
  • Full dictionary entry for "sob" - compare definitions side by side with the headword page. Word entry
  • This pair ranks #75,280 of 75,631 scored Portuguese confusable pairs in this corpus vintage. Corpus statistics
  • "são" and "sob" also get mixed up with nearby pairs, the highest-scored neighbour is "soap vs sob". Nearby pair

Confusion rank #75,280 of 75,631 scored Portuguese pairs, corpus vintage 2026-09-03, not spelling advice.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list