déjàvsdessConfusable pair

Quick tell: déjà is a adverb, dess is an unknown, so they fill different roles in a sentence.

Which to use

“déjà” is an adverb and “dess” is an unknown - they look or sound alike but fill different roles in a sentence.

#44,541
“déjà” frequency rank
#48,817
“dess” frequency rank
93358
confusion score

Side-by-Side Comparison

Feature déjà dess
Definition zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt als erwartet 3. Person Utrum Singular Genitiv des Personalpronomens den

Where the eye mixes déjà and dess

Muted = shared; highlighted = the visual trap. They share 1 letter in sequence. déjà (CVCV) and dess (CVCC) run the same length but a different consonant-vowel pattern - the shape difference is usually the fastest tell.

4 ch
déjà
4 ch
dess

Visual trap between déjà and dess

These two trip readers on the page rather than in the ear: déjà is [de.ʒa] while dess is [ˈdɛ̝sː]. Spoken aloud the problem disappears. In writing it persists, because they share most of their letters but differ in 3 positions, and the parts of speech differ too (adverb vs unknown), which is usually the fastest check. Our composite confusion score for this pair is 93358, derived from the frequency rank of both members and their visual similarity.

déjà is recorded at frequency rank #44,541, classified as anadv, pronounced [de.ʒa]. dess is at rank #48,817, tagged as anunknown, pronounced [ˈdɛ̝sː].

Glosses for this pair are partially populated in our dataset, but the full side-by-side definitions above should still guide you to the right choice.

With a confusion score of 93358, this pair ranks #23,338 of 2,006,359 scored German confusable pairs - among the most confusable pairs.

Orthographic DNA of déjà vs dess

Shared letters: d. Private to "déjà": jàé. Private to "dess": es.

"déjà" · 4 letters · shape CVCV  ·  "dess" · 4 letters · shape CVCC

Known mistypes of this pair

  • dess ← ddess · deß · dses · edss

Frequently Asked Questions

Do "déjà" and "dess" mean the same thing in a sentence?
No - they are not even the same part of speech. "déjà" is an adverb and "dess" an unknown, so a sentence built for one is usually ungrammatical with the other.
In ordinary German text, does "déjà" or "dess" show up more?
"déjà" is the more common of the two: it sits at frequency rank #44,541 in our German list, against #48,817 for "dess". The two are close in frequency, so neither is a safe default; check the meaning rather than guessing.

What to do next

Visual near-miss handled. Browse the word pages or a neighbour when the next look-alike shows up.

  • Full dictionary entry for "déjà" with definition, IPA, and generated misspellings. Word entry
  • Full dictionary entry for "dess" - compare definitions side by side with the headword page. Word entry
  • This pair ranks #23,338 of 2,006,359 scored German confusable pairs in this corpus vintage. Corpus statistics
  • "déjà" and "dess" also get mixed up with nearby pairs, the highest-scored neighbour is "dess vs dew". Nearby pair
  • Recorded mistypes exist for at least one side of this pair, useful when a spell-checker or OCR lands on the wrong form. See mistypes

Confusion rank #23,338 of 2,006,359 scored German pairs, corpus vintage 2026-09-03, not spelling advice.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list