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valence

Definition, pronunciation, etymology, and usage for the English word. Free spelling reference powered by Wiktionary.

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7 characters

Language

English

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Detailed reference entry for the English word "valence", 7-letters, with pronunciation in International Phonetic Alphabet notation, etymology traced through Germanic and Romance roots where applicable, common misspelling variants catalogued from Hunspell error dictionaries, and usage frequency ranked against the top 100,000 English words in the Wordfreq corpus. PlainSpell covers English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and German spelling with confusable-pair detection that highlights visually and phonetically similar words. This entry for "valence" includes synonyms, antonyms, homophones, and cross-language translation pointers sourced from Wiktionary via the kaikki.org extract. Whether you are verifying the correct spelling of "valence" for academic writing, checking homophone confusion, or exploring etymological origins, this page provides a citation-backed, free reference that requires no sign-up.

valence is aEnglishnoun. It means: The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share ... Pronounced /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/. Often confused with Vance and Valerie.

Key facts for valence
PropertyValue
Headwordvalence
LanguageEnglish
Part of speechNoun
IPA/ˈveɪl(ə)ns/
Letters7
Frequency rank#33,072
Misspellings tracked11
Confusable pairs4
SourceWiktionary (kaikki.org)

Frequency rank visualization

Position of valence in English word frequency (lower rank = more common)

Source: Wordfreq corpus

Spelling & Dictionary Insight

The English entry for valence is 7 letters long, classified as anoun, and transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet as /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/. Corpus data places it at rank #33,072 in overall English word frequency, marking it as uncommon enough that many writers pause before typing it.Wiktionary records 6 distinct senses for this headword, so context determines which meaning a reader should apply.

Our Hunspell-derived misspelling index lists 11 documented wrong-spelling variants for valence, with forms such as "avlence", "vaelnce", and "valance". Each variant represents a distinct typo pattern that appears often enough in corpora to be worth flagging, typically a doubled-consonant error, a silent-letter drop, or a vowel substitution.It also participates in 4 confusable-pair relationships, "Vance", "Valerie", "violence", and more, where similar look or sound leads writers to substitute one word for another in context.

Etymologically, the entry records: Etymology 1 sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and etymology 1 sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition or state o… Root origin matters for spelling because borrowed morphemes (Greek, Latin, Old French, Old English) carry their source-language orthographic conventions into modern English, which is why historical etymology is often the cleanest predictor of whether a cluster like "-ough", "-eau", or "-tion" will appear. For readers arriving here from a spelling check, the authoritative guidance is: the correct English form is valence, spelled V-A-L-E-N-C-E, and any other sequence of those letters, regardless of how natural it feels, is a misspelling in standard orthography.

Definition

  1. 1
    The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.
  2. 2
    The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen.
  3. 3
    The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four.
  4. 4
    A one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state, that can usually be positive (causing a feeling of attraction) or negative (repulsion).
  5. 5
    The value which a person places on something.
  6. 6
    For a correspondence T on a curve: a number k such that the divisors T(P)+kP are all linearly equivalent.

Etymology

Etymology 1 sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and etymology 1 sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition or state of’). Valenz is a clipping of Quantivalenz (“(archaic) valence in chemistry”), from English quantivalence, from Latin quantus (“how much”) + English -i- (interfix inserted between morphemes of Latin origin for ease of pronunciation) + Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) (whence Late Middle English valence (“medicinal preparation made from plants”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)). Quantivalence was coined by F. O. Ward who communicated it to the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892), leading him to coin the German word Quantivalenz. Doublet of value. Etymology 1 sense 2 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) was formed by analogy to the use of the word in chemistry: see above.

This word in other languages

Common misspellings

Also misspelled as: avlence,vaelnce,valance,valecne,valencce,valenec,valennce,vallence,valnece,vlaence,vvalence

Misspelling Pattern Breakdown

Relative frequency of common misspelling types for valence

Misspelling Variants of "valence"

avlence7vaelnce7valance7valecne7valencce8valenec7valennce8vallence8
Misspelling Variants of "valence"

Frequency rank: #33,072 in English

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you spell "valence"?
"valence" is spelled V-A-L-E-N-C-E. The IPA pronunciation is /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/.
What does "valence" mean?
As a noun, "valence" means: The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share ...
What words are commonly confused with "valence"?
"valence" is commonly confused with "Vance", "Valerie", "violence". These words look or sound similar but have different meanings. PlainSpell provides detailed comparisons for each pair.
How do you pronounce "valence"?
The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription for "valence" is /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/. Click the speaker icon on the pronunciation badge above to hear it spoken aloud where audio is available.
What is the origin of the word "valence"?
Etymology 1 sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and etymology 1 sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition ... See the full etymology section above for more details.
Is PlainSpell free to use?
Yes, PlainSpell is a completely free word reference. You can look up definitions, pronunciations, confusable pairs, homophones, and spelling corrections across 5 languages without any sign-up or subscription.

Nearby English words

Other entries that begin with the letter V in our English index:

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Data Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org), licensed under CC BY-SA & GFDL. Frequency data from Wordfreq. Misspellings derived from Hunspell dictionaries.