orthography

/ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/

//ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi// noun

"orthography" is a 11-letter English headword indexed on PlainSpell.

The verdict

“orthography” is a moderately-common English word, ranked #48,396 in English word frequency and used as a noun.

#48,396
frequency rank, English
11
letters
18
tracked misspellings

According to Wiktionary data (CC BY-SA, analyzed May 6, 2026) - A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.

Key facts for orthography
PropertyValue
Headwordorthography
LanguageEnglish
Part of speechNoun
IPA/ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/
Letters11
Frequency rank#48,396
Misspellings tracked18
Confusable pairs0
SourceWiktionary (kaikki.org)

Where “orthography” sits in English frequency

Every-word frequency runs from the handful of words we use constantly (left) to the long tail used once in a blue moon (right). orthography lands here:

#1#100#1K#10K#100K
← used constantlyrarely used →

Scale is logarithmic (each tick is 10× rarer). Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list.

Spelling & Dictionary Insight

The English entry for orthography is 11 letters long, classified as a noun, and transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet as /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/. Corpus data places it at rank #48,396 in overall English word frequency, marking it as uncommon enough that many writers pause before typing it. Wiktionary records 6 distinct senses for this headword, so context determines which meaning a reader should apply.

Our generated misspelling index lists 18 likely wrong-spelling variants for orthography, with forms such as "orhtography", "orrthography", and "orthgoraphy". Each of these forms differs from the correct spelling by one small edit: a doubled letter, a dropped silent letter, or a substituted vowel. No close-neighbour confusable shows up for this headword in our dataset, which typically means the spelling is too distinctive to be mistaken for another word.

Etymologically, the entry records: The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either: * from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare … The correct English form is orthography, spelled O-R-T-H-O-G-R-A-P-H-Y.

Definition

  1. 1
    A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.
  2. 2
    A set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, capitalization, emphasis, hyphenation, punctuation, and word breaks.
  3. 3
    The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling.
  4. 4
    Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word.
  5. 5
    A form of projection used to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal or perpendicular to the projection plane; an orthographic projection, especially when used to draw an elevation, vertical projection, etc., of a building; also (obsolete) a drawing made in this way.
  6. 6
    Synonym of orthographer (“someone knowledgeable in spelling rules”).

Etymology

The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either: * from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare Old French ortografie; modern French orthographe (“spelling, orthography”), orthographie (“orthographic project, orthography”)); or * from their etymon Latin orthographia (“correct spelling; building elevation”), from Koine Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía, “correct spelling”), from Ancient Greek ορθο- (ortho-, prefix meaning ‘right, proper; upright’) (from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight; erect, upright; correct, true”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow, increase; high; upright”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, suffix meaning ‘drawing; writing’) (from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)). The English word is analyzable as ortho- (prefix meaning ‘proper, right; straight’) + -graphy (suffix denoting something written or otherwise represented in a specified manner, or about a specified subject). The verb is derived from the noun. First use appears before c. 1460. Cognates * Catalan ortografia * Italian ortografia * Portuguese ortografia, orthografia (obsolete) * Spanish ortografía

This word in other languages

Common misspellings

Also misspelled as: orhtography,orrthography,orthgoraphy,orthhography,orthogarphy,orthoggraphy,orthograhpy,orthographhy,orthographyy,orthograpphy,orthograpyh,orthogrpahy,orthogrraphy,orthorgaphy,ortohgraphy,ortthography,otrhography,rothography

Misspelling Pattern Breakdown

How far each generated variant is from the correct spelling of orthography - counted as single-character edits (an insertion, a deletion, or a substituted letter). The larger the bar, the easier the typo is to spot; one-edit slips are the ones that sneak past readers.

orhtography2orrthography1orthgoraphy2orthhography1orthogarphy2orthoggraphy1orthograhpy2orthographhy1
Edit distance from "orthography"

Definitions, pronunciation, and etymology for this entry are drawn from Wiktionary via the kaikki.org structured extract (CC BY-SA); frequency ordering uses the FrequencyWords open word-frequency list (2018 English corpus, MIT). See the methodology for how each field is sourced and updated.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you spell "orthography"?
"orthography" is spelled O-R-T-H-O-G-R-A-P-H-Y. The IPA pronunciation is /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/.
What does "orthography" mean?
As a noun, "orthography" means: A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.
What are common misspellings of "orthography"?
Common misspellings include "orhtography", "orrthography", "orthgoraphy", "orthhography", "orthogarphy". The correct spelling is "orthography".
How do you pronounce "orthography"?
The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription for "orthography" is /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/. Click the speaker icon on the pronunciation badge above to hear it spoken aloud where audio is available.
What is the origin of the word "orthography"?
The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either: * from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”)... See the full etymology section above for more details.
Is PlainSpell free to use?
Yes, PlainSpell is a completely free word reference. You can look up definitions, pronunciations, confusable pairs, homophones, and spelling corrections across 5 languages without any sign-up or subscription.

Using “orthography”

The practical upshot for anyone who landed here from a spell-check.

  • The one correct English spelling is O-R-T-H-O-G-R-A-P-H-Y - every other letter order is a misspelling in standard orthography.
  • Say it as /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/ (IPA); tap the speaker on the pronunciation badge to hear it where audio exists.
  • Browse more English words and confusable pairs in the same reference. English words
Data Source

Wiktionary (via kaikki.org), licensed under CC BY-SA & GFDL. Word ordering uses an open word-frequency list; misspelling variants are generated by edit-distance from the correct headword.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list FrequencyWords open word-frequency list