repressvsrepressedWhich spelling fits?

Which to use

“repress” and “repressed” are a confusable English pair: similar on the page, but distinct in meaning, check the gloss before you choose.

#36,313
“repress” frequency rank
#20,756
“repressed” frequency rank
57069
confusion score

Side-by-Side Comparison

Feature repress repressed
Definition To forcefully prevent an upheaval from developing further. simple past and past participle of repress

Where the eye mixes repress and repressed

Muted = shared; highlighted = the visual trap. They share 7 letters in sequence.

7 ch
repress
9 ch
repressed

Visual trap between repress and repressed

A purely visual mix-up. repress (/ɹəˈpɹɛs/) and repressed (/ɹɪˈpɹɛst/) are said differently, so reading them aloud is the quickest way to catch the wrong one. On the page they stay close: they differ by 2 extra letter(s) - “repress” sits inside “repressed”. Our composite confusion score for this pair is 57069, derived from the frequency rank of both members and their visual similarity.

repress is recorded at frequency rank #36,313, classified as averb, pronounced /ɹəˈpɹɛs/. repressed is at rank #20,756, tagged as averb, pronounced /ɹɪˈpɹɛst/.

Glosses for this pair are partially populated in our dataset, but the full side-by-side definitions above should still guide you to the right choice.

With a confusion score of 57069, this pair ranks #121,807 of 530,003 scored English confusable pairs - among the most confusable pairs.

Orthographic DNA of repress vs repressed

Shared letters: eprs. Private to "repress": -. Private to "repressed": d.

"repress" · 7 letters · shape CVCCVCC  ·  "repressed" · 9 letters · shape CVCCVCCVC

Known mistypes of this pair

  • represserpress · reperss · reppress · repres · reprress · reprses · rerpess · rperess
  • repressederpressed · reperssed · reppressed · represed · represesd · repressde · repressedd · reprressed

Frequently Asked Questions

Can "repress" and "repressed" be used interchangeably?
No. They are said differently (/ɹəˈpɹɛs/ versus /ɹɪˈpɹɛst/) and carry different meanings; reading the sentence aloud is usually enough to catch the wrong one.
In ordinary English text, does "repress" or "repressed" show up more?
"repressed" is the more common of the two: it sits at frequency rank #20,756 in our English list, against #36,313 for "repress". The two are close in frequency, so neither is a safe default; check the meaning rather than guessing.

What to do next

Visual near-miss handled. Browse the word pages or a neighbour when the next look-alike shows up.

  • Full dictionary entry for "repress" with definition, IPA, and generated misspellings. Word entry
  • Full dictionary entry for "repressed" - compare definitions side by side with the headword page. Word entry
  • This pair ranks #121,807 of 530,003 scored English confusable pairs in this corpus vintage. Corpus statistics
  • "repress" and "repressed" also get mixed up with nearby pairs, the highest-scored neighbour is "regress vs repress". Nearby pair
  • Recorded mistypes exist for at least one side of this pair, useful when a spell-checker or OCR lands on the wrong form. See mistypes

Confusion rank #121,807 of 530,003 scored English pairs, corpus vintage 2026-09-03, not spelling advice.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list