# Laplacian matrix

> English word · Noun

## Definitions
1. A square n×n matrix which describes an undirected graph of n vertices by letting rows and columns correspond to vertices, letting its diagonal elements contain the degrees of corresponding vertices and letting its non-diagonal elements contain either −1 or 0 depending on whether there is or there is not (respectively) an edge connecting the pair of corresponding vertices.

## Etymology
Named after Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (1749 – 1827), a French scholar whose work was important to the development of mathematics, statistics, physics and astronomy.

## Source
Compiled from Wiktionary via kaikki.org (CC BY-SA). Data vintage: 2026-05-06.
Canonical page: https://plainspell.com/en/word/laplacian-matrix