discouragevsdiscouragedWhat's the difference?

Quick tell: discourage is a verb, discouraged is an adjective, so they fill different roles in a sentence.

Which to use

“discourage” is a verb and “discouraged” is an adjective - they look or sound alike but fill different roles in a sentence.

#13,498
“discourage” frequency rank
#12,579
“discouraged” frequency rank
26077
confusion score

Side-by-Side Comparison

Feature discourage discouraged
Definition To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject. Having lost confidence or hope; dejected; disheartened.

Where the eye mixes discourage and discouraged

Muted = shared; highlighted = the visual trap. They share 10 letters in sequence.

10 ch
discourage
11 ch
discouraged

Spelling & Dictionary Insight

These two trip readers on the page rather than in the ear: discourage is /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/ while discouraged is /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒd/. Spoken aloud the problem disappears. In writing it persists, because they differ by 1 extra letter(s) - “discourage” sits inside “discouraged”, and the parts of speech differ too (verb vs adjective), which is usually the fastest check. Our composite confusion score for this pair is 26077, derived from the frequency rank of both members and their visual similarity.

discourage is recorded at frequency rank #13,498, classified as averb, pronounced /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/. discouraged is at rank #12,579, tagged as anadj, pronounced /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒd/.

Glosses for this pair are partially populated in our dataset, but the full side-by-side definitions above should still guide you to the right choice.

With a confusion score of 26077, this pair ranks #389,377 of 530,003 scored English confusable pairs - roughly mid-pack for confusability.

Orthographic DNA of discourage vs discouraged

Shared letters: acdegiorsu. Private to "discourage": -. Private to "discouraged": -.

"discourage" · 10 letters · shape CVCCVVCVCV  ·  "discouraged" · 11 letters · shape CVCCVVCVCVC

Known mistypes of this pair

  • discourageddiscourage · dicsourage · disccourage · discoruage · discouarge · discouraeg · discouragge · discourgae
  • discouragedddiscouraged · dicsouraged · disccouraged · discoruaged · discouarged · discouraegd · discouragde · discouragedd

Frequently Asked Questions

Can "discourage" and "discouraged" be used interchangeably?
No - they are not even the same part of speech. "discourage" is a verb and "discouraged" an adjective, so a sentence built for one is usually ungrammatical with the other.
Which is more common, "discourage" or "discouraged"?
"discouraged" is the more common of the two: it sits at frequency rank #12,579 in our English list, against #13,498 for "discourage". The two are close in frequency, so neither is a safe default; check the meaning rather than guessing.

Source: Wiktionary (via kaikki.org) Structured Wiktionary extract

Source: FrequencyWords open word-frequency list